2018 National FFA Floriculture

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A circular design does not have __________.
A. Balance
B. Filler flowers
C. A focal point
D. Massing flowers
ANS: C

2. Most fungal diseases grow best in ___________.
A. Dry, arid air
B. Low moisture conditions
C. High moisture conditions
D. Seasons with drought
ANS: C

3. Mums are considered a short-day crop; that is, the plant sets flower buds and blooms
only when____________.
A. Nights and days are long
B. Nights are long and days are short
C. Nights are short and days are long
D. Nights and days are short
ANS: B

4. During respiration, plants _______.
A. Use the sun’s energy
B. Produce sugars
C. Use oxygen
D. Form complex compounds
ANS: C

5. If green plants show a ________ color, this suggests a nitrogen deficiency.
A. White
B. Yellow
C. Dark green
D. Purple
ANS: B

6. ___________ exists when the terminal bud produces hormones that inhibit or prevent
the growth of axillary buds on the same shoot.
A. Cell dominance
B. Root dominance
C. Atypical dominance
D. Apical dominance
ANS: D

7. Floral foam is sufficiently soaked when _________.
A. It changes to a darker shade of green
B. The foam floats back to the top of the water
C. Particles of the foam begin to float in the water
D. Air bubbles are no longer coming out of the foam
ANS: D

8. ___________ seeding is when seeds are sown in a separate place from where the plants
will eventually grow to maturity.
A. Direct
B. Sideways
C. Indirect
D. Top
ANS: C

9. _________ is used to accentuate the flowers and colors used in a design.
A. Harmony
B. Unity
C. Accent
D. Repetition
ANS: D

10. ___________ are chemicals used to control snails and slugs.
A. Fungicides
B. Rodenticides
C. Molluscicides
D. Nematocides
ANS: C

11. Small green insects with piercing mouth parts are ________.
A. Aphids
B. Mealybugs
C. Scale
D. Mites
ANS: A

12. The recommended daytime temperature range for indoor plants is _________.
A. 60-70° F
B. 55-80° F
C. 60-85° F
D. 50-85° F
ANS: D

13. ______ is one of the basic floral design shapes.
A. Fan
B. Diagonal
C. Oval
D. Circular
ANS: D

14. In the list of flowers/materials below, which list is not all line flowers:
A. Liatris, gladilous, snapdragons, cattail
B. Bells of Ireland, carnations, branches, snapdragons
C. Liatris, delphinium, gladilous, bells of Ireland
D. Foxglove, branches, lupine, cattail
ANS: B

15. Joe placed a box of apples in his flower cooler. The next day he saw some cut flowers looking bad and deteriorating. Could the apples have caused this problem?
A. Yes, fruit produces ethylene gas which can cause flowers to senesce.
B. Yes, diseases on fruit are easily transferred to cut flowers causing their deterioration.
C. No, storing fruit in a cooler with cut flowers in never a problem. The flowers deteriorated from some other pathogen,
D. No, the apples could not have caused damage to the cut flowers in such a short time.
ANS: A

16. Floral foam should be hydrated before use in a flower arrangement. Which of these methods is the best for accomplishing the soaking of the foam?
A. The foam is forced by weight to be totally immersed in the water
B. The foam is pushed down into the water by hand
C. The foam is allowed to float on the surface until it is soaked
D. The foam is placed in the bottom of a water reservoir one-half of the height of the block of foam 
ANS: C

17. A wholesale greenhouse operation has grown 4,250 six inch pots of poinsettias. At the end of the Christmas season, 3,789 pots were sold. The wholesale selling price was $3.85 per pot. The retail businesses sold the pots of poinsettias for $6.89. The cost per pot grown was $2.16 per pot. What was the net return on the poinsettia crop to the greenhouse operation?
A. $14,587.65
B. $6,403.41
C. $5,407.65
D. $11,518.56
ANS: C

18. You work for a retail flower shop is Bloomington, Indiana. You are figuring a bill for a customer. In Bloomington the state sales tax is 5%, the city sales tax is 0.5%, and the county sales tax is 1%. The cost of the arrangement for the customer is $72.45. What is the total of the customer’s bill?
A. $72.45
B. $72.81
C. $77.16
D. $76.07
ANS: C

19. The wire services that a retail flower shop can use are:
A. Society of American Florists, FTD, and Teleflora
B. FTD, Teleflora, Florafax, American Floral Services, and Carik
C. Florafax, FTD, American Floral Services
D. American Floral Services, American Academy of Floriculture, Florafax, and Carik
ANS: B

20. In growing potted chrysanthemums, the desirable temperature range for flower bud initiation is:
A. 62 to 65 degrees F at night
B. Above 68 degrees F at night
C. 60 to 62 degrees F at night
D. 65 to 68 degrees F at night
ANS: A

21. As a grower you want to use “soft” pesticides for plant pest control. Which group below includes “soft” pesticides?
A. Fungicides, bactericides, insect growth regulators
B. Insect growth regulators, botanical insecticides, horticultural oils
C. Horticulture oils, insecticidal soaps, insecticides
D. Miticides, insecticidal soaps, horticulture oils
ANS: B

22. The place in the plant where the process of photosynthesis occurs is:
A. In all plant cells
B. In all cells within the leaf
C. In green chloroplasts within cells
D. In cells in the leaf petiole
ANS: C

23. A solenoid valve is used in greenhouses:
A. As an electrical device used to control the flow of water in greenhouses
B. As a valve controlled totally by water pressure to cut water on and off
C. As a valve controlled by temperature to cut heat on and off
D. As an electrical shut on and off system for ventilation fans
ANS: A

24. A manometer is used in a greenhouse to measure:
A. Water pressure in an irrigation system line
B. Difference between low and high temperature
C. Air pressure between layers of plastic
D. Gas pressure in a gas heater
ANS: C

25. In horticulture, the term “explant’ is:
A. A cross between cultivars within a species
B. A plant that came from a genetic mutation
C. A plant part other than stem or leaves such as a bulb or corm
D. Small pieces of plant material used in tissue culture
ANS: D

26. In greenhouse plant growing a zero DIF will result in:
A. Shorter plants compared to plants grown with a positive DIF
B. Taller plants compared to plants grown with a positive DIF
C. A decrease in how much light a plant receives each day
D. A wide range between daytime and nighttime temperatures in a greenhouse
ANS: A

27. The three secondary colors in flower arrangements are:
A. Red, yellow, and blue
B. Orange, green, and violet
C. Purple, yellow, and blue
D. Green, purple, and red
ANS: B

28. The nutrient iron is essential in plants because:
A. Iron is required for strong stems
B. Iron is required for leaf formation
C. Iron is required for root development
D. Iron is required to produce chlorophyll
ANS: D

29. ____________ buds are found at the base of a leaf petiole and next to the stem.
A. apical
B. axillary
C. dominant
D. epidermal
ANS: B

30. A plant with a tunicate bulb is a(n) _____________.
A. peony
B. tulip
C. iris
D. Easter lily
ANS: B

31. Binomial classification of a plant requires a ___________ and ___________for the name.
A. genus and specific epithet
B. family and order
C. common and scientific component
D. species and family
ANS: A

32. A tissue in a seed that provides stored food for the embryo is __________.
A. endosperm
B. zygote
C. seed coat
D. hypocotyl
ANS: A

33. The process of propagating plants on an agar gel or nutrient medium is known as _______________.
A. grafting
B. budding
C. micropropagation
D. none of the above
ANS: C

34. A florists’ wire with a gauge of 18 will be ________ than florists’ wire with a gauge of 28.
A. shorter
B. longer
C. thinner
D. thicker
ANS: D

35. On a financial planning sheet, the costs of the plant materials (i.e. purchase cost of seeds, cuttings, bulbs, etc.) would be examples of _____________.
A. wholesale costs
B. overhead costs
C. direct costs
D. fixed costs
ANS: C

36. Floral preservatives for cut flowers should contain all of the following except ________:
A. nitrogen fertilizer
B. a sugar source
C. an acidifier
D. a microbiocide
ANS: A

37. What type of environment do chrysanthemums require to produce flowers?
A. short day photoperiod
B. long day photoperiod
C. cool day temperature regime
D. cool night temperature regime
ANS: A

38. Injecting dilute sulfuric acid into the irrigation system during greenhouse production will:
A. increase the root medium pH
B. decrease the root medium pH
C. decrease and then increase the root medium pH
D. not change root medium pH
ANS: B

39. What are the organelles that capture and process the light that a plant intercepts?
A. mitochondria
B. nuclei
C. chlorophylls
D. chloroplasts
ANS: D

40. The process of _____________ is when a plant loses water through stomates.
A. transpiration
B. translocation
C. transduction
D. acclimatization
ANS: A

41. Which glazing material for greenhouses allows the lowest light transmittance?
A. fiberglass
B. polyethylene
C. double-layer polyethylene
D. polycarbonate
ANS: C

42. The calculated difference between the day temperature and night temperature in a greenhouse production situation is known as _____________.
A. HID
B. STS
C. DIF
D. IPM
ANS: C

43. Before using a chemical you should refer to the SDS or
A. Safety Detail Sheet
B. Safety Data Sheet
C. Storage Detail Sheet
D. Storage Data Sheet
ANS: B

44. The binomial system for naming plants is
A. used on the North American continent only.
B. used only in the United States.
C. used Internationally.
D. no longer used today.
ANS: C

45. Plants that have two ___________ are known as dicots.
A. nucleus
B. cells
C. flowers
D. cotyledons
ANS: D

46. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll that _________ green light giving plants their green color.
A. reflect
B. absorb
C. produce
D. create
ANS: A

47. _______________ insecticides are pesticides that are translocated throughout the plant and kill any insects that feed on the plant.
A. Insecticidal Soaps
B. Horticulture Oils
C. Botanical
D. Systemic 
ANS: D

48. When dealing with plant diseases, there must be _____ things present for any plant disease to form.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
ANS: C

49. ________ plants are plant material kept specifically for the purpose of propagation.
A. Stock
B. Parent
C. Cutting
D. Hardwood
ANS: A

50. Grasshoppers begin their life cycle as an egg, transition into a larva, and change into an adult. This would be classified as _______________ metamorphosis.
A. complete
B. incomplete
C. holometabolous
D. ametabolous
ANS: B