2021 NATIONAL FFA DAIRY CATTLE EVENT

MULTIPLE CHOICE
 
1. An example of a Class III use for milk would be to make _________________.
A. Hard cheese
B. Ice cream
C. Chocolate Milk
D. Dried milk powder
ANS: A

2. This has been identified as the most visible well-being problem in the dairy industry today?
A. Dehorning
B. Breeding cows by A.I.
C. Lameness
D. Feeding calves with a bucket
ANS: C

3. Dairy Management, Inc. (DMI) is a nonprofit organization formed by the National Dairy Board and United Dairy Association. It conducts programs in integrated marketing, communications, promotion, and research for U.S. Dairy Farmers. Which of the following organization is not a part of the DMI umbrella? 
A. American Dairy Association
B. American Dairy Science Association
C. National Dairy Council
D. U.S. Dairy Export Council
ANS: B
 
4. If the heat detection rate is 50% and the conception rate is 30%, what is the pregnancy rate? 
A. 15%
B. 20%, 
C. 18%, 
D. 30% 
ANS: A

5. Lameness on a dairy farm can lead to higher culling rates, reduced reproductive performance, and lower milk yield. In order to manage lameness on your farm, you implement a locomotion scoring system using a scale from 1 to 5. What score would you give to a cow who stands with flat back, but arches when walking and gait is slightly abnormal? 
A. 5
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
ANS: C

6. What term describes the time span between first calving and culling? 
A. Productive life
B. Culling Rate
C. Lifetime Production
D. Net Merit
ANS: A

7. Before applying manure to any crop field, manure testing (measuring nutrient content) is recommended to help which of the following? 
A. Reduce fertilizer purchases
B. Prevention of overapplication of nutrients in excess of crop requirements
C. Determine P and K amounts in the manure
D. None of these reasons are important reasons why manure testing is needed.
ANS: D
 
8. What trace mineral is found in very low levels in all forages and is necessary for a number of body functions and disease resistance as well as being an essential constituent of blood? 
A. Potassium
B. Phosphorus
C. Zinc
D. Nitrogen
ANS: B

9. The local veterinary has invited you to do a herd visit with him to determine why there is an increase in mastitis. You are asked to observe the milking parlor and procedures. The employees yell and scream at the cows to get them to come in the parlor, while they are milking, and when they leave the parlor. Pre-dip is applied to the teats, cleaned and milking units attached within 1 minute. Milk let down is delayed after the milking unit is attached. You suspect the reason why the cows are not letting milk down and getting mastitis is a result of:
A. Too much oxytocin being produced
B. The excessive screaming and yelling is causing the cows to produce too much prolactin
C. The excessive noise is upsetting the cows causing epinephrine to be produced interfering with milk letdown
D. The excessive noise is causing too much estrogen to be produced and preventing milk letdown
ANS: C

10. The world’s largest yogurt maker is?
A. Prairie Farms, 
B. Nestle USA
C. Danone
D. Horizon
ANS: C

11. What term is used to describe a function of the total time a cow spends eating per day multiplied by the rate at which the animal consumes that feed? 
A. Rumination Rate
B. Feed intake
C. Feed Uptake
D. Eating Rate
ANS: B

12. Which of the following dairy breeds originated from a continental European country? 
A. Ayrshire
B. Brown Swiss
C. Guernsey
D. Jersey
ANS: B

13. Producing milk with a SCC less than 150,000 is important because milk will have which of the following characteristics?
A. Improved flavor
B. Longer shelf life
C. Increased cheese yield
D. All of the above
ANS: D

14. Which state introduced a 2021 bill to eliminate artificial insemination in dairy cattle (it failed)? 
A. Oregon
B. Wisconsin
C. California
D. New Mexico
ANS: A

15. What is the BioPRYN blood test used to test for?   
A. Mastitis
B. Nitrate toxicity
C. Pregnancy
D. Dystocia
ANS: C

16. Mastitis is the most costly disease in dairy cattle. The most effective procedures to prevent new infections are which of the following? 
A. Predipping and drying the teat before attaching the milking unit
B. Use strawbedding in the housing area
C. Using the same cloth towel to wipe all the cows at the same time
D. Teat dipping (pre and post) and dry cow antibiotic treatment
ANS: D

17. You are reviewing bull proofs to select the best bull to use on your dairy heifers. PTA is listed on the proof. What does the acronym PTA stand for?
A. Predicted Transmitting Ability
B. Productive Transmitting Ability
C. Production True Ability
D. Predicted Transmitting Accountability
ANS: A

18. The genetic base for genetic evaluations is updated every 5 years. The next base change is scheduled for which year? 
A. 2022
B. 2023
C. 2024
D. 2025
ANS: D
 
19. According to a Hoard’s Dairyman survey of 3,000 readers in 2011 and 2021, what percent of respondents vaccinated their calves, heifers, and cows?
A. 52%
B. 67%
C. 78%
D. 94.6%
ANS: D

20. Youth for the Quality Care of Animals (YQC) is a national level multi-species quality assurance program with a focus on which three core pillars? 
A. Food safety, animal ethics; character development
B. Food quality, animal well-being; character development
C. Food safety; animal ethics, honesty
D. Food safety; animal-well being, character development
ANS: D

21. At a recent Holstein dairy farm visit with your FFA class, you observed the employees feeding new calves 6 hours after the calves were born. They used a brix refractometer to determine the quality of colostrum before feeding calves 1 bottle each. However, they are concerned because blood tests show the calves are not achieving adequate levels of antibodies to boost immunity. After discussing with your FFA class, you make which of the following recommendations to improve passive immunity of the calves:
A. Continue to use the Brix refractometer, feed 1 bottle of colostrum within 2 hours of being born.
B. Continue to use the Brix refractometer, feed 1 bottle of colostrum within 12 hours of being born.
C. Continue to use the Brix refractometer, feed 10% of the calves body weight colostrum within 2 hours of being born.
D. Continue to use the Brix refractometer, feed 2 bottles of colostrum within 24 hours of being born.
ANS: C
 
22. Which of the following is not a primary class of immunoglobulins found in colostrum?
A. IgG
B. IgB
C. IgA
D. IgM
ANS: D

23. The jugular vein is the ideal location for what type of injection? 
A. Intramuscular injection
B. Intrauterine injection
C. Intravenous injection
D. Intraperitoneal injection
ANS: C

24. A mature dairy cow has how many teeth? 
A. 32 teeth on both her upper and lower mouth
B. 10 teeth on her upper mouth and 22 on her lower mouth
C. 16 teeth on bother her upper and lower mouth
D. No teeth on her upper mouth and 32 on her lower mouth
ANS: D

25. As an A.I. sales representative a dairy producer asks you to help select bulls to improve his future heifers get pregnant. You recommend which of the following bulls to help achieve this goal: 
A. Theo DPR 1.4
B. Jonathan DPR 5.0
C. Newton PL 4.4
D. Toby REL 96
ANS: B
 
26. Which of the following are leading causes of death in young calves on dairy farms?
A. Scours and pneumonia
B. Pink eye and scours
C. Scours and black leg
D. Infected naval and pneumonia
ANS: A

27. The PDCA Cow Unified Scorecard allots how many points to frame and which trait is the highest priority in this category? 
A. 15 points and Rump
B. 20 points and Back/loin
C. 25 points and Front End
D. 15 points and Stature
ANS: A

28. Which of the following does not cause a decrease in milk fat test?
A. Estrus
B. Extremely Hot Weather
C. High Fiber content in the ration
D. Finely chopped feeds
ANS: C

29. During a dairy farm visit with your FFA advisor, the dairy farmer asks you what might be wrong with his cows. He provides the following information for you from cows experiencing problems, BSC 4.0; cows are over 8 months pregnant or in the dry period; average SCC is 350,000, and after calving over half had milk fever. Based on these symptoms and signs, you suspect which disease to be causing the problem?
A. Hardware disease
B. Ketosis
C. Displaced abomasum
D. Fat Cow Syndrome
ANS: D
 
30. Which of the following was the number 1 milk producing cooperative in the U.S. based on milk volume in 2019 
A. Land O’Lakes, Inc.
B. Edge Dairy Farmer Cooperative
C. California Dairies, Inc.
D. Dairy Farmers of America
ANS: D

31. What is the number 1 reason for culling dairy cows in U.S. dairy herds? 
A. Low milk production
B. Reproductive failure
C. Mastitis
D. Lameness
ANS: B

32. You are invited to visit a 700 cow dairy in your county to learn more about how they group their cows. They currently are grouping the cows by body condition score. They ask you what other ways could they potentially group their cows. You provide the following recommendations as options for consideration. 
A. Production level
B. Stage of lactation
C. Lactation number
D. All of the above
ANS: D

33. In the medicine room on the dairy where you work is a shelf of products labeled as anthelmintic products. These are used for what purpose? 
A. Dewormers
B. Teat Dips
C. Fertilizer
D. Sanitizers
ANS: A
 
34. Which compartment of the ruminant stomach is located closest to the heart? 
A. Reticulum
B. Omasum
C. Rumen
D. Abomasum
ANS: A

35. What is the basic unit of inheritance?
A. Gene
B. Allele
C. Chromosome
D. Locus
ANS: A

36. Raising dairy replacement heifers accounts for what percent of total farm expenses on many dairy operations? 
A. 5-10%
B. 15-20%
C. 35-40%
D. 55-60%
ANS: B

37. Gestation length in dairy cattle can vary due to which of the following factors?
A. Age of the cow
B. Breed of the cow
C. Season of the year
D. All of the above
ANS: D
 
38. Budgets, balance sheets and cash flow projections are valuable and essential management tools but they do not tell the manager if the business is profitable. What is the only tool of farm business analysis that measures profitability? 
A. Bank Statement
B. Equity Statement
C. Income Statement
D. Schedule F
ANS: C

39. To determine the height of the udder floor on a dairy cow, what reference point is used? 
A. Pastern
B. Vulva
C. Hock
D. Hooks
ANS: C

40. What element must be absent in order for effective fermentation to occur in a silage pile? 
A. Carbon
B. Oxygen
C. Nitrogen
D. Phosphorus
ANS: B