2021 NATIONAL FFA FLORICULTURE CDE 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The water-conducting tissue of plants is called _________. 
A. xylem  
B. phloem
C. peduncle
D. pedicel
ANS: A

2. A chemical compound used as an additive to prevent the growth of bacteria in vase water is considered to be a(an) __________. 
A. acidifier
B. biocide
C. botrytis 
D. citric acid
ANS: B

3. Rolling back petals of a flower to create a more open blossom is called __________. 
A. petalling
B. reflexing
C. sewing
D. tailoring
ANS: B

4.  What is a common target date for bracts to develop color and the flowers open?
A. September 15
B. October 10
C. November 15
D. December 25
ANS: C
 
5. A state of equilibrium where both sides of the design are equal. 
A. asymmetrical design
B. symmetrical design
C. composition
D. form
ANS: B

6. The portion of a design engaged by objects.  An area occupied by flowers, foliage, or other objects within a floral design.  
A. positive space
B. negative space
C. accent
D. focal point
ANS: A

7. The organization of components into a harmonious whole resulting in a cohesive relationship of all parts defines __________.
A. unity
B. balance
C. theme
D. harmony
ANS: A

8. Florist wire is sold by gauge.  A thin, light wire would be what number gauge?  
A. 1
B. 12
C. 22 
D. 28
ANS: D

9. The secondary colors consist of:  
A. green, orange, violet
B. Violet, blue, red
C. yellow, red, blue
D. green, yellow, blue
ANS: A

10. A purlin in greenhouse construction is used for what purpose?
A. Frame components spanning the space between the eave and the ridge.
B. A panel attached to the greenhouse that permits opening for ventilation.
C. A component of the greenhouse frame running the length of the greenhouse just below the roof covering that connects trusses together.
D. A component of the greenhouse frame spanning the width of the greenhouse that is welded or bolted together.
ANS: C

11. The essential ingredients for photosynthesis to take place in the plant is:
A.  Water, oxygen, carbon, light
B. Water, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, light
C. Carbon dioxide, glucose, chlorophyll, light
D. Oxygen, light, hydrogen, glucose
ANS: B

12. Of the following nutrient list which one includes only micronutrients?
A. Zinc, copper, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, calcium, and chlorine
B. Manganese, zinc, potassium, calcium, copper, iron, and chlorine
C. Iron, nitrogen, sulfur, magnesium, molybdenum, boron, and manganese
D. Boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, iron, manganese, and chlorine
ANS: D

13. Applying too much nitrogen to plants can cause adverse effects on plant growth.  Of the following four items which is not a plant’s response to excessive nitrogen:
A. Weaken the stem because of long and soft growth
B. Lower the plants resistance to disease
C. Yellow or light green leaves on the plant
D. Lower the quality of the fruit of the plant causing them to be soft to ship
ANS: C

14. The three basic parts of a seed are:
A. Seed coat, endosperm, and embryo
B. Cotyledons, roots, and seed coat
C. Endosperm, roots, and embryo
D. Primer, seed coat, and embryo
ANS: A
 
15. In a flower shop which of the following are not considered overhead expenses?
A. Rent or mortgage payment
B. Hard goods
C. Insurance
D. Utilities (water, gas, electricity)
ANS: B

16. Auxin is produced in the shoot tips by a plant.  The purpose of auxin in the plant is to:
A. Inhibit lateral branch development
B. Start the process of flower development
C. Promote lateral branch development
D. Encourage seed development
ANS: A

17. REI to a greenhouse worker means:
A. Reliant environmental interval
B. Retractant emergency integration
C. Reliable environmental information
D. Restricted entry interval
ANS: D

18. Which pesticide LD50 number listed below is the most toxic?
A.  LD50 of 5,045
B.  LD50 of 45
C.  LD50 of 545
D.  LD50 of 145
ANS: B

19. An armature in floral arrangements is used:
A. To create a framework to hold stems in place
B. To support a floral design container
C. To create a system for transporting floral work
D. To make a flower stem longer
ANS: A
 
20. If a species has separate plants with each plant having only male flowers or female flowers, the plant is considered _____________________.
A. complete 
B. dioecious
C. monoecious
D. perfect
ANS: B

21. ___________________ is a process in which glucose combines with oxygen to produce energy in a form that can be used by plants.
A. Cohesion 
B. Photosynthesis 
C. Respiration
D. Transpiration
ANS: C

22. A pesticide label cautions against dermal contact; this means the poison could enter the body by   ______________. 
A. contact with skin
B. ingesting 
C. inhaling
D. transfusion
ANS: A

23. _____________________ deficiency appears as a marginal yellowing or scorch on the edges of leaves on the lower portion of the plant.
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Nitrogen 
D. Potassium
ANS: D

24. Photosynthesis primarily occurs within the ________________ inside plant cells. 
A. chloroplast
B. golgi apparatus
C. nucleus
D. vacuole
ANS: A

25. A plant with a species name macrophylla could be expected to have ________________.  
A. small leaves 
B. large leaves 
C. small flowers
D. large flowers 
ANS: B

26. The ______________ are crescent shaped and are responsible for opening the stoma. 
A. lenticels.
B. vascular bundles
C. receptacles
D. guard cells
ANS: D

27. Chrysanthemums typically flower in late summer or fall. Their photoperiod category is considered which of the following:
A. Day-Neutral Plants
B. Long-Day Plants 
C. Short-Day Plants 
D. Daily Light Integral Plants
ANS: C

28. ____________ are responsible for cell division and differentiation. They are produced in the roots and transported throughout the plant through the xylem.  
A. Ethylenes 
B. Gibberellins
C. Auxins
D. Cytokinins
ANS: D

29. Many daylily, dahlia, and gladiola varieties are polyploid, which means that they have more than one set of _____________.  
A. zygotes 
B. chromosomes
C. nuclei 
D. scions
ANS: B
 
30. The pigment _____________ produces orange-yellow flowers. 
A. carotene
B. chlorophyll
C. anthocyanin 
D. xanthophyll
ANS: A

31. Which of the following plant characteristics belongs to monocots?
A. netted leaf veins
B. scattered vascular bundles
C. flower parts in multiples of four or five 
D. taproot system 
ANS: B

32. What are four things growing medium provides for plants?
A. darkness, food, nutrients, oxygen
B. carbon dioxide, disease resistance, sugars, water
C. nutrients, oxygen, support, water
D. vitamins, organic matter, support, water
ANS: C

33. Most essential elements for plant growth are available to most plants when the soil pH is between _____.
A. 3.0 to 5.5
B. 5.5 and 7.0
C. 7.0 to 10.5
D. 10.5 to 12.0
ANS: B

34. What is a miniature arachnid that sucks sap from plants?
A. aphid
B. beetle
C. mite
D. Nematode
ANS: C
 
35. Poinsettias are very susceptible to root rot diseases caused by Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Thielaviopsis fungi. How can these disease problems be reduced?
A. Apply fungicides when appropriate and adhere to proper watering.
B. Introduce beneficial microorganisms to the greenhouse environment.
C. Provide cooler day temperatures and warmer night temperatures.
D. Use varieties genetically engineered to be resistant to root rot.
ANS: A

36. How are chrysanthemums classified?
A. by response group, height, and flower form
B. by response group, speed of rooting, and flower texture
C. by root growth, height, and flower color
D. by root length, leaf size, and flower form
ANS: A

37. Why are Easter lilies a relatively difficult crop to grow?
A. Easter falls on a different date each year.
B. They are extremely sensitive to dry medium.
C. They are short-day plants grown in the spring.
D. They have so many pest and disease problems.
ANS: A

38. What is the best explanation why bedding plant seeds are sown in rows?
A. to ensure that developing seedlings have good light exposure
B. to keep different plant varieties from becoming intermingled
C. to maintain an organized, attractive seed germination room
D. to reduce the possible spread of disease across an entire flat
ANS: D

39. What are small plants grown in small amounts of medium in divided trays?
A. cormels
B. explants
C. liners
D. plugs
ANS: D
 
40. In pricing retail items, it is important to include additional hard good costs, which would include: 
A. The floral foam and vase used to construct the arrangement
B. The flowers used to make the design
C. The filler used to complete the design
D. The gas used in the delivery vehicle
ANS: A

41. Fresh goods used to create a retail floral design are typically marked up from wholesale pricing at the following rate: 
A. 10%
B. 200%
C. 50%
D. 500%
ANS: B

42. As the wholesale price of fresh flowers increased due to supply issues, the resulting price affect was seen by consumers: 
A. The price of delivery was decreased
B. The price of add-on purchased increased
C. The availability of flowers increased
D. The retail price of flowers increased
ANS: D

43. Which of the following floral products is a seasonal design specifically representing the fall harvest season? 
A. An evergreen wreath with colorful ornaments
B. A blooming spring bulb in a vase
C. A summer bouquet of sunflowers
D. A cornucopia (horn of plenty) filled with flowers, fruit, and vegetables
ANS: D

44. How could a florist or garden shop offer products that promote a sustainable and environmentally conscientious perspective? 
A. Offer organically grown plants
B. Sell organic fertilizers
C. Market seasonal and local products
D. All of the above. 
ANS: D

45. In response to supply issues for fresh flowers from South America, the following result was by floral retailers in the wholesale cost of fresh goods: 
A. The price of hard goods decreased
B. The price of flowers increased
C. The price of flowers decreased 
D. The shipping costs decreased
ANS: B

46. Which of the following products would be the best choice of tools / materials to adhere fresh flowers in constructing a wristlet corsage: 
A. Hot Glue
B. Cold Glue
C. Wire
D. Braiding 
ANS: B

47. Which life stage is most damaging to ornamental crops from the lepidoptera order of insects? 
A. Adult
B. Larvae
C. Nymph
D. Egg
ANS: B

48. If a plant is showing a yellowing in the leaves, it is most likely deficient in the nutrient: 
A. Phosphorus
B. Potassium
C. Zinc
D. Nitrogen
ANS: D

49. When removing thorns from roses, it is important to avoid tearing the outer layer, or bark, which would damage the plants: 
A. Xylem and phloem
B. Roots 
C. Petals 
D. Pith
ANS: A